Tag Archives: Anatomy in Ayurveda

निरुक्ति (Etymology)

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Writer:
Prof. Dr. Satish Kumar Panda, MD (Ay), PhD
Principal, Kritika Ayurvedic Medical College & Hospital, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh.

निरुक्ति (Etymology)

“प्रकर्येण मेहति” इति प्रमेहः – The condition where one urinates frequently and in large quantities is called Prameha.

प्रमेह (Diabetes)

Prameha is characterized by increased frequency and quantity of urination.

निदान (Causes)

च.चि. 6/4
जास्पामुखं स्वप्नमुखं दधीनि ग्राम्योदकानूपरमाः पयांसि ।
नवाप्रपानं गुडवैकृतं च प्रमेहहेतुः कफकृत सर्वम् ॥

Causes of Prameha:

  1. Overconsumption of:
  • Dahi (curd)
  • Gramya udaka (domestic animal meat & dairy)
  • Anupa mamsa (marshy animal meat)
  • Paya (milk & milk products)
  • Navaanna (new grains)
  • Guda (jaggery-based foods)
  1. Lifestyle factors:
  • Excessive sleep (Swapna sukha)
  • Sedentary lifestyle (Alasya)

Two Types of Prameha Patients:

  1. Sthula Pramehi (Obese, NIDDM – Type 2 Diabetes) – Caused by Santarpana (over-nourishment).
  2. Krisha Pramehi (Lean, IDDM – Type 1 Diabetes) – Caused by Apatarpana (malnourishment).

पूर्वरूप (Prodromal Symptoms)

  • Excessive sweating (Sweda)
  • Foul body odor (Anga gandha)
  • Laxity in body parts (Shithilangata)
  • Excessive growth (Ativriddhi)
  • Dryness in throat & palate (Talu shosha)
  • Burning sensation in palms & soles (Kara-pada daha)

सम्प्राप्ति (Pathogenesis)

1. Kapha Prameha Pathogenesis:

  • Aggravated Kapha affects Meda (fat), Mamsa (muscle), and Basti (bladder).
  • Leads to Kapha-type Prameha (10 types).

2. Pitta Prameha Pathogenesis:

  • Aggravated Pitta affects Meda, Mamsa, and Kleda (body fluids).
  • Leads to Pitta-type Prameha (6 types).

3. Vata Prameha Pathogenesis:

  • Aggravated Vata affects Majja (marrow), Shukra (semen), and Ojas (vital essence).
  • Leads to Vata-type Prameha (4 types).

Dushya (Affected Tissues):

Rasa, Rakta, Mamsa, Meda, Majja, Shukra, Ojas, Ambu, Vasa, Lasika.

प्रमेह के प्रकार (Types of Prameha)

1. Based on Doshas (20 Types):

A. Kapha Prameha (10 Types)

  1. Udaka meha – Urine like water
  2. Ikshu meha – Urine like sugarcane juice
  3. Sandrameha – Thick urine
  4. Sandraprasadameha – Urine with sedimentation
  5. Shukla meha – Whitish urine
  6. Shukra meha – Urine mixed with semen
  7. Sheeta meha – Cold urine
  8. Shanaih meha – Slow urination
  9. Sikata meha – Sandy urine
  10. Lalameha – Slimy urine

B. Pitta Prameha (6 Types)

  1. Kshara meha – Alkaline urine
  2. Kala meha – Blackish urine
  3. Neela meha – Blue urine
  4. Haridra meha – Yellow urine (like turmeric)
  5. Manjishtha meha – Reddish urine
  6. Rakta meha – Bloody urine

C. Vata Prameha (4 Types)

  1. Majja meha – Urine mixed with marrow
  2. Vasa meha – Urine mixed with fat
  3. Lasika meha – Urine mixed with lymph
  4. Madhu meha – Urine like honey (Diabetes Mellitus)

2. Based on Cause:

  1. Sahaja Prameha (Congenital/Jaata Prameha) – Hereditary diabetes.
  2. Apathyanimittaja Prameha (Acquired due to unhealthy habits)

साध्य-असाध्यता (Prognosis)

  • Kapha Prameha – Sadhya (Curable)
  • Pitta Prameha – Yapya (Palliable)
  • Vata Prameha – Asadhya (Incurable)

Incurable Conditions:

  1. Madhumeha (Advanced Diabetes)
  2. Prameha with complications (Prameha pidaka, Dhatukshaya)
  3. Congenital diabetes (Jata Prameha)

चिकित्सा (Treatment)

1. For Sthula Pramehi (Obese, NIDDM):

  • Shodhana (Purification) – Vamana, Virechana, Basti
  • Lekhana (Scraping therapy) – Use of Mustadi Kwath, Triphala, Shilajatu
  • Exercise (Vyayama) & Reduced sleep (Jaagarana)

2. For Krisha Pramehi (Lean, IDDM):

  • Brimhana (Nourishing therapy) – Rasayana, Vajikarana
  • Mild Panchakarma (Avoid strong detox)

General Management:

  • Avoid: Dairy, sweets, excessive sleep, sedentary lifestyle.
  • Use: Bitter herbs (Karela, Methi, Guduchi), Yoga (Pranayama, Surya Namaskar).

Conclusion:

Prameha (Diabetes) is classified based on Dosha imbalance and body type. Kapha-type is curable, Pitta-type manageable, and Vata-type difficult to treat. Lifestyle modification, Panchakarma, and herbal therapy play a key role in management.